Private insurers long avoided writing flood coverage in high-risk areas. The National Flood Insurance Program, or NFIP, is a United States government program that provides flood insurance to property owners in participating communities that adopt and enforce floodplain management standards.

Policies are sold through private insurers acting as write-your-own carriers or directly by the government. Coverage limits, premiums, and terms are set by the program. Flood maps determine zones and affect pricing. A waiting period normally applies before new coverage takes effect.

The NFIP has been criticized for underpricing risk in some areas and for encouraging development in floodplains. Reforms periodically adjust rates, mapping, and mitigation incentives. Despite ongoing debate, the program remains the primary source of flood insurance for millions of American households and businesses.

• U.S. government flood insurance program
• Requires community floodplain management
• Policies sold via private carriers or directly
• Subject to ongoing reform and rate debate