A drum is a percussion instrument that produces sound when its membrane is struck. The membrane, or head, is stretched over a shell of wood, metal, or synthetic material. Different sizes and tensions yield different pitches and timbres.

Drums appear in virtually every musical culture. Orchestral percussion includes timpani, snare drum, bass drum, and many others. The modern drum set combines several drums and cymbals into a single playable unit that anchors popular and jazz ensembles. Hand drums such as the conga or djembe offer still other colors and techniques.

Players use sticks, mallets, brushes, or hands. Dynamics, articulations, and rhythmic patterns all depend on precise control of the stroke. In many styles the drummer’s primary role is to maintain the pulse and interact with the other musicians.

• Membrane stretched over a shell
• Struck with sticks, mallets, or hands
• Central to most musical traditions
• Ranges from single drums to full sets