People have always moved. Migration is the relocation of individuals or groups from one place to another, usually across a significant distance and for a substantial period. It may be voluntary or forced, internal or international.

Economic opportunity, conflict, environmental change, and family ties are common drivers. Migration alters the demographic structure of both origin and destination areas. Remittances sent home can form a major economic flow. Cities grow through in-migration; rural areas may lose population.

Governments regulate international migration through visas, borders, and asylum policies. Geographers track migration streams and their impacts on culture, labor markets, and urban form. The decision to move remains one of the most consequential choices individuals and families make.

• Movement of people between places
• Can be internal or international
• Driven by economic, social, and environmental factors
• Reshapes populations and places